Biblioteka Uniwersytecka

List of figures . . VII
List of tables . . VIII
List of contributors . . IX
Acknowledgements . . XII

Introduction . . 1

PART I: DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY IN SCHOOL . . 5
1 Design and technology in the secondary school . . 7
2 Design and technology in the primary school . . 18

PART II: PREPARING TO TEACH DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY . . 35
3 Health and safety in design and technology . . 37
4 Preparing to teach design . . 57
5 Preparing to teach electronics, actuation and control technologies . . 77
6 Preparing to teach food technology . . 99
7 Preparing to teach materials technology . . 120
8 Preparing to teach textiles technology . . 136
9 Preparing to teach graphics . . 150
10 Preparing to teach with digital technologies . . 161

PART III: TEACHING DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY . . 179
11 Pupil learning in design and technology . . 181
12 Teaching design and technology . . 199
13 Assessing design and technology . . 221
14 Planning to teach design and technology . . 241

PART IV: DEVELOPING YOUR TEACHING . . 267
15 Developing links with other subjects . . 269
16 Developing values . . 287
17 Developing work with disruptive technologies . . 303
18 Your professional development . . 323

Index . . 337

Preface and Acknowledgments . . IX
1 Introduction . . 1 
2 Coal . . 9 
3 The Pollutants . . 17 
4 From Mine to Ash . . 47 
5 Mitigation of Pollutants from Burning Coal . . 67 
6 Pathophysiology: How Pollution Damages Cells and Tissues . . 85 
7 Basic Health Considerations . . 99 
8 Diseases of the Respiratory System . . 111 
9 Diseases of the Cardiovascular System . . 131 
10 Diseases of the Nervous System . . 141 
11 Health Effects on the Horizon . . 155 
12 Coal, Global Wanning, and Health . . 165 
13 Energy and Health Care Economics . . 193 
14 Policy Implications . . 207 

Glossary . . 221 
Index . . 225

Preface . . IX
Acknowledgments . . XV

1. Introduction . . 1
   Biographical Sketch . . 1
   Recent Scholarship and the "Oppenheimer Challenge" . . 17
2. Oppenheimer's Hope and Vision 1957-1959 . . 23
   Background . . 23
   A Vital Center for Oppenheimer's Thought . . 25
   Philosophy and the Public Sphere . . 35
3. MacLeish, Oppenheimer, and "The Conquest of America" . . 41
   Background . . 41
   The Conquest of America . . 45
   Oppenheimer-MacLeish Exchange . . 50
   Oppenheimer's Reith Lectures . . 54
   MacLeish's Suspicion of Science . . 59
4. Rabi, Oppenheimer, and the Universal Culture of Science . . 65
   Background . . 65
   Oppenheimer's Response to Rabi . . 69
   Focusing Oppenheimer's Hope and Vision . . 71
   Rabi's Philosophical Views and Outlook . . 77
   MacLeish, Oppenheimer, and Rabi . . 85
5. International Control of Atomic Energy . . 89
   Acheson-Lilienthal Proposal . . 89
   Moral Ramifications . . 100
6. Complementarity in Atomic Physics . . 111
   Oppenheimer and Complementarity . . 111
   Bohr, Einstein, and Oppenheimer . . 120
7. Oppenheimer — Philosophical Exploration I . . 125
   Oppenheimer and Modernity . . 125
   Oppenheimer and Pragmatism . . 132 
8. Oppenheimer — Philosophical Exploration II . . 143
   Oppenheimer, Moral Dilemmas, and Moral Luck . . 143
   Oppenheimer and Narrative . . 154
9. Oppenheimer and International Relations . . 163
   Realism, Liberal Internationalism, and Constructivism . . 164
   David Mitrany and International Functionalism . . 174
   Oppenheimer and Epistemic Communities . . 182
10. Oppenheimer and the Nuclear Revolution . . 189
    Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty . . 190
    Nuclear Disarmament . . 199
    Nuclear One Worldism . . 208

Epilogue . . 215
Endnotes . . 229
Index . . 253

Prefazione . . VII
Abbreviazioni . . IX
I. Kierkegaard e il fideismo . . 3
II. Metafisica e storia . . 39
III. Il principio di analogia come categoria metafisica . . 61
IV. Possibilità e realtà nell'estetica di Kierkegaard . . 73
V. Kierkegaard e Hegel: la polemica sul «punto di partenza» . . 123
VI. La dialettica della «ripresa» . . 141
VII. Istante, totalità, ripresa . . 165
VIII. Posi Scriptum: ancora sulla ripresa . . 177
XIX. «De omnibus dubitandum...»: una postilla teoretica sul moderno e sull'antimoderno . . 183
X. La coscienza tragica . . 203
XI. Esperienza religiosa e filosofia . . 241
XII. 11 paradosso come passione del pensiero . . 273
XIII. Il cristianesimo in Kierkegaard . . 299
XIV. Pentimento e ripresa in Kierkegaard. Dal Qohelet ai gigli del campo . . 321
XV. L'arte come seconda immediatezza . . 337
XVI. L'io diviso: ripresa e variazioni da un testo di Kierkegaard . . 351
XVII. Due itinerari critici sulla modernità . . 365
XVIII. La contemporaneità del discepolo come prospettiva escatologica . . 373
XX. Il Diario del seduttore, un percorso dialettico nell'opera di Kierkegaard . . 413

Indice dei nomi . . 429

Introduzione . . IX

1. Tavola di concordanza dei frammenti . . XXXIII
2. Titoli dei capitoli . . XXXVI
3. Tavola di concordanza Diodoro - Polibio . . XXXVII

Commento storico al Libro XXXI . . 1
Strumenti e Bibliografia . . 249
Indice dei nomi di persona . . 289
Indice dei nomi geografici ed etnici . . 293
Indice delle cose notevoli . . 297
Indice delle fonti letterarie . . 299
Indice delle fonti epigrafiche, numismatiche e papiracee . . 307

Themenverzeichnis der Niederländischen Briefe . . VII*
Einleitung . . XXIV*
Der biographische Kontext: Düsseldorf um 1830 . . XXV*
Von der niederländischen Reise des Jahres 1830 zur Publikation der Niederländischen Briefe . . XXVIII*
Reiseverlauf und gedanklicher Aufbau des Werkes . . XXXI*
Literarische Gestalt der Niederländischen Briefe . . XXXIX*
Entdeckung des architektonischen Raumes: Der achte Brief zum Dom von Antwerpen . . XLIII*
Subjektivität der Naturauffassung: Der dritte Brief zur Landschaftsmalerei . . XLV*
„Gesellschaftsmalerei": Der fünfte Brief zur Genremalerei . . XLVII*
Stilleben oder die reine Kunst . . LI*
Resonanz und Nachwirkung der Niederländischen Briefe . . LII*
Anmerkungen . . LVII*

Auswahlbibliographie . . LXIII*

Niederländische Briefe
Vorrede . . III
Inhalt . . VII
Erster Brief . . 1
Zweiter Brief . . 16
Dritter Brief . . 25
Vierter Brief . . 55
Fünfter Brief . . 80
Sechster Brief . . 157
Siebenter Brief . . 181
Achter Brief . . 188
Neunter Brief . . 219
Zehnter Brief . . 231
Eilfter Brief . . 286
Zwölfter Brief . . 310
Dreizehnter Brief . . 363
Vierzehnter Brief . . 375
Fünfzehnter Brief . . 400
Sechszehnter Brief . . 436
Siebzehnter Brief . . 481
Achtzehnter Brief . . 509

Vierzig Jahre (Auswahl) . . 7
Was ist des Deutschen Vaterland? . . 119
Saphir als Possendichter . . 134
So war's nicht gemeint! Aus dem alten Wien . . 147
„Hat ihm schon!" Eine Wiener Erinnerung . . 161
Befr und Ges . . 180
Die Stadtkokette. Auch eine Kriminalgeschichte . . 272
Das Harfenmädchen . . 319

Anmerkungen . . 334
Zur Textauswahl . . 381
Nachwort . . 383
Auswahlbibliographie . . 410
Zeittafel . . 424
Personenregister . . 429

1 Uses of foams . . 1
1 The foams around us . . 1
1.1 Foams in mythology . . 1
1.2 On your plate and in your glass . . 1
1.3 Detergents and cosmetics . . 3
1.4 Spontaneous or undesirable foams . . 4
2 Foam identification . . 4
2.1 Physico-chemical constituents . . 4
2.2 Geometrical and physical properties . . 5
2.3 Mechanical properties . . 6
3 What are foams used for? . . 6
3.1 Desirable functions . . 6
3.2 Mineral flotation . . 8
4 Solid foams and other cellular systems . . 9
4.1 Solid foams . . 9
4.2 Other cellular structures . . 11
5 Experiments . . 13
5.1 Three ways to make a foam . . 13
5.2 Chocolate mousse . . 14
References . . 15

2 Foams at equilibrium . . 17
1 Description at all length-scales . . 17
1.1 At the scale of a gas/liquid interface . . 17
1.2 At the scale of a film . . 19
1.3 At the scale of a bubble . . 21
1.4 At the scale of a foam . . 22
2 Local equilibrium laws . . 23
2.1 Equilibrium of fluid interfaces . . 23
2.2 Plateau's laws . . 26
3 Dry foams . . 30
3.1 Number of neighbours: topology . . 31
3.2 Bubble geometry . . 35
3.3 Topology and geometry  . 38
4 Wet foams . . 45
4.1 Modification of the structure . . 46
4.2 Osmotic pressure . . 51
4.3 Role of gravity . . 54
5 2D and quasi-2D foams . . 55
5.1 3D structure of a monolayer of bubbles between two plates . . 57
5.2 A model for a dry 2D foam . . 58
5.3 Two-dimensional liquid fraction . . 60
5.4 2D foam flows . . 61
6 Experiments  . 63
6.1 Surface tension and surfactants . . 63
6.2 Creation and observation of 2D and quasi-2D foams . . 65
6.3 Giant soap films . . 66
6.4 Kelvin cell . . 68
7 Exercises . . 69
7.1 Interfacial area of a foam . . 69
7.2 Film tension and the Young-Laplace law . . 69
7.3 Plateau's laws in 2D . . 70
7.4 Euler's formula . . 71
7.5 Perimeter of a regular 2D bubble . . 71
7.6 Energy and pressure . . 72
References . . 72

3 Birth, life, and death . . 75
1 Foam evolution . . 75
1.1 The competition between different processes . . 75
1.2 Elementary topological processes . . 78
2 Birth of a foam . . 82
2.1 Foamability: introduction to the role of surfactants . . 82
2.2 Interfacial properties and foamability . . 82
2.3 Properties of liquid films and foamability . . 92
2.4 Summary of the microscopic origins of foamability . . 98
3 Coarsening . . 99
3.1 Growth rate of a bubble in a dry foam . . 99
3.2 Evolution of bubble distributions in a dry foam . . 104
3.3 Effects of different parameters . . 109
4 Drainage . . 113
4.1 What is drainage? . . 114
4.2 Free drainage . . 114
4.3 Forced drainage . . 115
4.4 Modelling flows in solid porous media . . 116
4.5 Modelling the permeability of a liquid foam . . 119
4.6 Drainage equations . . 127
4.7 Comparison of theoretical predictions with experiments . . 128
4.8 Summary and remarks . . 133
5 Rupture and coalescence . . 134
5.1 Rupture at the scale of a single film . . 134
5.2 Rupture at the scale of a foam . . 140
5.3 Defoamers and antifoams . . 140
6 Appendices . . 145
6.1 Stabilizing agents . . 145
6.2 Dissipation due to surfactant motion during the steady expansion of a film . . 151
7 Experiments . . 154
7.1 Flow in a soap film . . 154
7.2 Free drainage in a foam and the vertical motion of bubbles . . 156
7.3 Forced drainage in a foam: observation of the wetting front . . 157
7.4 Life and death of a foam measured by electrical conductivity . . 158
8 Exercises . . 161
8.1 Exponent in the scale-invariant regime . . 161
8.2 Frumkin equation of state . . 161
8.3 Foam drainage and equilibrium height . . 161
8.4 Drainage in the bulk and at the wall . . 162
8.5 Free drainage: characteristic times and liquid fraction profiles . . 162
8.6 The true 3D pressure and 2D surface pressure . . 162
References . . 162

4 Rheology . . 167
1 Introduction . . 167
2 Overview of the rheological behaviour of complex fluids . . 168
2.1 Constitutive laws . . 168
2.2 Shear tests . . 172
2.3 Small and large strains . . 173
2.4 Stress tensor in a complex fluid . . 174
3 Local origin of rheological properties . . 178
3.1 Elastic shear modulus of a dry monodisperse foam . . 178
3.2 The elastic limit of a dry foam . . 183
3.3 Dissipative processes . . 187
4 The multiscale character of foam rheology . . 193
4.1 Solid behaviour . . 194
4.2 Transition from solid to liquid behaviour . . 208
4.3 Foam flow . . 211
5 Appendix: Prom the discrete to the continuous . . 215
6 Experiments . . 217
6.1 Observation of T1s . . 217
6.2 Visualization of the yield stress . . 217
7 Exercises . . 218
7.1 The Young-Laplace law and the stress in a spherical bubble . . 218
7.2 Elasticity of a dry 2D foam . . 219
7.3 Poynting's law . . 219
7.4 Stress and strain in a square lattice . . 220
7.5 Elasticity and plasticity . . 220
7.6 Compressibility of a foam . . 221
References . . 221

5 Experimental and numerical methods . . 225
1 Experimental methods . . 225
1.1 Methods used to study interfaces and isolated films . . 225
1.2 Methods for studying foams . . 230
2 Numerical simulations . . 242
2.1 Predicting static structure . . 242
2.2 Predicting dynamics . . 244
3 Methods of image analysis . . 248
3.1 Image treatment . . 248
3.2 Image analysis . . 250
3.3 Image analysis, liquid fraction, and stress in 2D . . 254
Exercises . . 255
4.1 Measurement of the average liquid fraction of a foam . . 255
4.2 Pressure in the Potts model . . 255
References . . 256

Notation . . 259
Index . . 263