Oxford University Press

Acknowledgments . . vii
One - Introduction . .  1
Two - The Partnerships and Practices of Emerging Adults . . 14
Three - Inside Sexual Relationships . . 51
Four - The College Campus: Sex 101? . . 101
Five - No Strings Attached? Sex and Emotional Health . . 135
Six - Marriage in the Minds of Emerging Adults . . 169
Seven - Red Sex, Blue Sex: Relationship Norms in a Divided America . . 205
Eight - The Power of Stories and Ten Myths about Sex in Emerging Adulthood . . 236

Appendix A: Regression Models . . 251
Appendix B: Original Research Interview Methods . . 265

Notes . . 271
Index . . 291

Foreword . . ix
Preface . . xi
Introduction . . xvii

Classical Mythology in the Arts, 1300-1990s

List of Sources . . 1073
Index of Artists . . 1119

List of Illustrations . . vii
List of Tables . . vii
Preface . . ix
Acknowledgements . . xi

Introduction . . 1
The life of Arak'el Siwnec'i . . 3
His times . . 8
Attitudes to Arak'el as a poet . . 10
The Adamgirk' . . 13
Arak'el's writings . . 41
Tchobanian's translation . . 45

Adamgirk' 3 . . 47
Adamgirk' 1 . . 85
Adamgirk' 2 . . 271

'Concerning the First Ones' . . 305

Bibliography . . 310
Select Subject Index . . 315
Index of Ancient Sources . . 329

About the Contributors . . ix
Introduction . . 3

1 Changing Agrarian Landscapes across America. A Comparative Perspective . . 16
2 New England's Forest Landscape. Ecological Legacies and Conservation Patterns Shaped by Agrarian History . . 44
3 Agricultural Transformation of Southern Appalachia . . 89
4 Dustbowl Legacies. Long-Term Change and Resilience in the Shortgrass Steppe . . 122
5 The Political Ecology of Southwest Michigan Agriculture, 1837-2000 . . 152
6 Agrarian Landscape Iransition in the Flint Hills ot Kansas. Legacies and Resilience . . 206
7 Water Can Flow Uphill. A Narrative of Central Arizona . . 238

Conclusion . . 272
Index . . 279

Acknowledgements . . ix
List of Figures . . x
List of Tables . . xv
List of Abbreviations . . xvi

1. Introduction . . 1
2. Wealthy Households: Theory, Sources, Methodology . . 21
3. The Agricultural Holdings of Large-Scale Households . . 55
4. The Domestic Consumption of Olive Oil . . 85
5. Cultivating the Olive . . 97
6. Processing Olives . . 131
7. Arboriculture and Ornamental Gardens in Ancient Greece . . 219
8. Conclusions . . 247

Bibliography . . 261
Index Locurum . . 285
General Index . . 291

Abbreviations . . xiii

1. Polyphemus the Linguist . . 1
1. Languages in Homer . . 1
2. The Cyclopes' Society . . 4
3. Language, Diet, and Laws . . 8
4. Communicating with Animals . . 11

2. Language in the Golden Age . . 18
1. The Nature of Language in the Golden Age . . 18
2. Early Languages . . 36
3. Hesiod, Homer, and the Golden Age . . 46
4. Animals in the Golden Age . . 57

3. Psammetichus' Children . . 68
1. The Experiment and its Background . . 68
2. First Words and First Gestures . . 83
3. Later Variations on Psammetichus' Trial . . 92
4. Ancient Reactions to the Experiment . . 107

4. The Invention of Language . . 112
1. Gods as Inventors of Language . . 113
2. Culture Heroes and First Men: Palamedes, Theuth, and Phoroneus . . 122
3. The Great Myth of the Protagoras . . 127
4. Fire and Language . . 147
5. Men Invent Language Together . . 158

5. Between Language and Speech . . 182
1. Introduction: Language, Speech, and Communication . . 182
2. The Languages of Primitive Peoples . . 184
3. Gestures and Mute Voices . . 195
4. Speaking Animals . . 207

Bibliography . . 213
Index Locorum . . 227
General Index . . 243

List of Abbreviations . . x
Note on References and Translations . . xi

Introduction . . 1
1. How Animals Mean . . 28
2. Marie de France: the Courtly Fable . . 53
3. Nigel of Longchamp's Speculum stultorum . . 98
4. The Owl and the Nightingale . . 149
5. Chaucerian Birds . . 192
6. Reynard in England . . 220
7. Henryson: the Epicized Fable . . 262
Conclusion . . 306

Appendix 1: Suggested Identifications of Marie de France . . 309
Appendix 2: Narrative Summary of the Speculum stultorum . . 312
Appendix 3: The Epistle to William . . 314
Appendix 4: Gallus et vulpes . . 318
Bibliography . . 326
Index of Fables cited .. 365
Index . . 369

Preface . . vii
Abbreviations . . ix
Chronology . . xi
Maps . . xvi

Introduction . . 1
1. Conquest and Conqueror . . 12
2. Early Anglo-Latin Religious Prose . . 21
3. Science, Learning, and Instructive Stories . . 38
4. Early Anglo-Latin Historians, Scholars, Encyclopedists, and Entertainers . . 54
5. 'The Matter of Britain': Geoffrey of Monmouth . . 103
6. Early Anglo-Norman Poetry: Benedeit's Voyage of St Brendan . . 129
7. Anglo-Norman Verse Chronicles . . 146
8. English in the Earlier Period . . 169
9. Science, Learning, and Instruction: Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries . . 177
10. 'The Matter of Britain' in English: Layamon's Brut . . 198
11. Anglo-Latin Poetry: Songs and Satire . . 206
12. Saints' Lives and Visions . . 221
13. Anglo-Norman Romances . . 241
14. Romances and Outlaw Tales . . 262
15. Tales of Antiquity . . 276
16. Short Romances and Lais: Marie de France . . 290
17. Fables and Animal Stories: Marie de France and Others . . 313
18. Debate: The Owl and the Nightingale . . 332
19. Burlesque, Parody, Merry Tale . . 342
20. Early Middle English Religious Prose: the 'Katherine Group', the 'Wooing Group', and Ancrene Wisse . . 356
21. Moral and Religious Verse and Prose . . 374
22. English Romances . . 402
23. Lyrics: Anglo-Norman and Middle English . . 420
24. Drama . . 441
25. Later Chroniclers, Scholars, and Theologians . . 489
26. English Narrative in the Earlier Fourteenth Century: Robert Mannyng . .510
27. Earlier Fourteenth-century Alliterative Poems . . 521
28. Earlier Fourteenth-century Mystical Writing: Richard Rolle . . 541
29. Private Devotion: Henry of Lancaster's Le Livre de Seyntz Medicines . . 548
30. Wonders of the East: Mandeville's Travels . . 552

Bibliographical Notes—Further Reading . . 563
Index of headings and main sub-headings . . 583
Index of first lines of poems and verse extracts . . 587
Index of works . . 589
Index of authors . . 591

List of characters . . ix
Chronology . . xi
List of Figures . . xv
List of Abbreviations . . xix
Note to the Reader . . xxi

INTRODUCTION . . 1

1. THE TRIAL OF SPENCER COWPER . . 10
Dead Bodies Float . .  14
Scientific Reputations . . 18
An Anatomy of London Doctors . . 22
Dead Dogs and Public Science . . 25
False Man's Cruelty . . 30
Summing up . . 34
Zara's story . . 37

2. PARTISAN FEUDS . . 45
The Whigs . . 46
The Tories . . 54
Hertford Tories . . 59
Popular Politics and Party Rivalries . . 63

3. QUAKERS . . 70
Persecution . . 71
Spiritual Warfare . . 77
The Lustful Quaker . . 82
The Trial Verdict and its Aftermath . . 89
Consequences . . 95

4. MORAL PANIC AND MARITAL AFFAIRS . . 98
Rethinking Religion . . 100
Rethinking Marriage . . 109
The Quakers, Marriage, and Morality . . 113
Sarah Cowper and the Slavery of Marriage . . 116
Will Bigamy . . 125
Justifying Polygamy . . 132
Manley and the New Atalantis . . 138

5. FANATICS AND FALSE BRETHREN . . 142
Sacheverell and his Sermons . . 144
The Trial . . 148
Hypocrisy . . 160
Sacheverell and Print Fever . . 166
Censorship and Censuring . . 181
Fanaticism . . 186
Sacheverell's Longer-term Legacy . . 190

6. DESPAIR AND DEMONISM . . 193
Melancholic Despair and Suicide . . 197
The Despair of the Deist and Atheist . . 202
Shifting Attitudes . . 206
Animal Spirits . . 207
A Political Witch-hunt . . 213
Jane Wenham . . 220
The Debate over the Impossibility of Witchcraft . . 228
Vindicating Jane Wenham . . 237

CONCLUSION: AN EXCEPTIONAL STORY? . . 241

Glossary . . 247
Endnotes . . 253
Further Reading . . 267
Index . . 273

Conventions of Reference . . xii
Abbreviations . . xiii

1. Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, the Adambooks, and the Vita Adae et Evae . . 1
2. Ireland . . 42
3. England, Wales, and Cornwall . . 74
4. The Holy Roman Empire and Beyond . . 137
5. France, Brittany, and Italy . . 208
6. Iconography . . 239
7. Litteras Achiliachas: Conclusion . . 252

Appendix: An Overview of the Vernacular Texts . . 263
Bibliography . . 267
Index . . 287