Biblioteka Uniwersytecka

Acknowledgments . . xii
Contributors . . ix

1. Modern China's Treaty Port Economy in Institutional Perspective: An Introductory Essay . . 1

PART ONE: Institutional Change and Economic Growth
2. The Rise of Modern Shanghai, 1900-1936: An Institutional Perspective . . 33
3. The Shanghai Real Estate Market and Capital Investment, 1860-1936 . . 47
4. The Rice and Wheat Flour Market Economies in the Lower Yangzi, 1900-1936 . . 75
5. The Regional Development of Wei County's Cotton Textile Market Economy, 1920-1937 . . 96
6. Chinese Farmer Rationality and the Agrarian Economy of the Lower Yangzi in the 1930s . . 118

PART TWO: Dynamics in Institutional Change
7. Traditional Land Rights in Hong Kong's New Territories . . 147
8. Chinese Enterprises across Cultures: The Hong Kong Business Experience in the Early Twentieth Century . . 172
9. Legalization of Chinese Corporation, 1904-1929: Innovation and Continuity in Rules and Legislation . . 186

Bibliography . . 211
Index . . 249

Acknowledgements . . 9
Introduction . . 11

OUVERTURE
My Love Affair with Shrevlin McCannon . . 23

I. ACADIANS AND CANADIANS
Et in Acadia Ego: Some Versions of the Pastoral in the Cajun Ethnic Revival . . 37
"Beyond the Bayou": Sociocultural Spaces in Kate Chopin's Louisiana Short Stories . . 51
Northeast by South: Faulkner's Yoknapatawpha and Antonine Maillet's Acadia . . 67

II. TRANSMIGRATIONS
Audubon Goes North . . 77
Stowe, the South, Canada, and Sadism . . 99
From Roots to Routes: The Dialogic Relation between Alex Haley's Roots (1976) and Lawrence Hill's The Book of Negroes (2007) . . 119
Flights to Canada: Jacob Lawrence, Ishmael Reed, and Lawrence Hill . . 135
The Bridge from Mississippi's Freedom Summer to Canada: Pearl Cleage's Bourbon at the Border . . 155
Metropolis and Hinterland: Faulkner and MacLeod . . 171

III. REWRITINGS AND INFLUENCES
Re-Writing the Grimms: Eudora Welty and Margaret Atwood . . 183
Hard Beauty. The Confluence of Eudora Welty and Alice Munro: Mississippi-South and Ontario-South Portraits of the 1930s . . 191
Parallel Spiritual Worlds: Alice Munro Country and the American South . . 231
Crisscrossing the Continent: From Black Mountain to Vancouver . . 255

IV. CIRCULATING GENRES AND THE EMERGENCE OF A TRANSCONTINENTAL POSTMODERN
Two Nations, One Genre? The Beginnings of the Modernist Short Story in the United States and Canada . . 277
Canada/American South in the Short Story: Flannery O'Connor - Jack Hodgins - Leon Rooke . . 291
Voice Not Place: Leon Rooke Makes a Success in Canada . . 307
I, Canadian: Elizabeth Spencer's Montreal . . 317
Michael Ondaatje's New Orleans in Coming Through Slaughter . . 333
Culinary Transgressions: Food Practices and Constructions of Female Identity in Gail Anderson-Dargatz's The Cure for Death by Lightning and Fannie Flagg's Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe . . 351

ENVOI
South by Northwest . . 367

List of Contributors . . 381
Index . . 387

Einführung . . 11

Erster Teil - Aufbruch ins 21. Jahrhundert

Panorama . . 19
1. «Aber jetzt ist eine andere Zeit» - Der Machtwechsel 1998 . . 26
2. Das Ende der Nachkriegszeit - Der Kosovo-Krieg . . 64
3. «Der gefährlichste Mann Europas»? - Lafontaines Scheitern als Weltökonom . . 110
4. Der «Dritte Weg» - Globale Strategie für ein neues Regieren? . . 138
5. Das «Projekt», die Gesellschaft zu erneuern-Zeit der Reformen . . 169
6. Umwelt, Klima, Atom - Die neuen Menschheitsfragen . . 214

Zweiter Teil - Im Bann des Terrors vom 11. September 2001

Panorama . . 273
1. 9/11 und Afghanistan - Vom Befreier zur Kriegspartei . . 279
2. Terrorangst und Sicherheit - Politische und mentale Folgen des Globalschocks . . 327
3. Rückkehr und Verwandlung Europas . . 373
4. Ein Friedenskanzler? - Schröders «Nein» zum Irak-Krieg 2002/03 . . 402
5. Das Ende einer Episode? - Wahlkampf und Jahrhunderthochwasser 2002 . . 457

Dritter Teil - Agieren aus der Defensive

Panorama . . 501
1. Wetterleuchten - Die Folgen von Börsencrash und PISA-Schock . . 506
2. Agenda 2010 - Die Umorientierung Deutschlands . . 528
3. Europäische Erinnerung - Die Berliner Republik und die deutsche Vergangenheit . . 584
4. Neue Vielfalt - Kunst, Kultur und Zeitgeist der rot-grünen Jahre . . 626
5. Rot-grüne Dämmerung - Niederlagen, Affären und Neuwahl 2005 . . 673

Epilog . . 704

Bemerkungen zur Methode und zu den Quellen - Dank . . 714
Anmerkungen . . 721
Bildnachweis . . 784
Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis . . 785
Abkürzungsverzeichnis . . 833
Personenregister . . 835
Ortsregister . . 844

Preface . . vii

Introduction . . 1
Chapter 1: Neutron Star Crust and Molecular Dynamics Simulation . . 3
Chapter 2: Nuclear Pasta in Supernovae and Neutron Stars . . 23
Chapter 3: Terrestrial and Astrophysical Superfluidity: Cold Atoms and Neutron Matter . . 45
Chapter 4: Pairing Correlations and Thermodynamic Properties of Inner Crust Matter . . 65
Chapter 5: The Crust of Spinning-Down Neutron Stars . . 85
Chapter 6: Influence of the Nuclear Symmetry Energy on the Structure and Composition of the Outer Crust . . 103
Chapter 7: Equation of State for Proto-Neutron Star . . 129
Chapter 8: From Nuclei to Nuclear Pasta . . 151
Chapter 9: The Structure of the Neutron Star Crust within a Semi-microscopic Energy Density Functional Method . . 171
Chapter 10: The Inner Crust and Its Structure . . 193
Chapter 11: Neutron-star Crusts and Finite Nuclei . . 213
Chapter 12: The Nuclear Symmetry Energy, the Inner Crust and Global Neutron Star Modeling . . 235
Chapter 13: Neutron Starquakes and the Dynamic Crust . . 265
Chapter 14: Thermal and Transport Properties of the Neutron Star Inner Crust . . 281
Chapter 15: Quantum Description of the Low-Density Inner Crust: Finite Size Effects and Linear Response, Superfluidity, Vortices . . 309

Index . . 329

Chapter 1: Introduction . . 1
What is a microbe? . . 1
Why study microbial ecology? . . 1
How do we study microbes in nature? . . 10
The three kingdoms of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya . . 12
Functional groups of microbes . . 15
Sources of background information . . 16

Chapter 2: Elements, biochemical;, and structures of microbes . . 19
Elemental composition of microbes . . 19
Elemental ratios in biogeochemical studies . . 21
C.N and C:P ratios for various microbes . . 22
Biochemical composition of bacteria . . 23
Explaining elemental ratios . . 25
Architecture of a microbial cell . . 26
Components of microbial cells as biomarkers . . 29
Extracellular structures . . 31

Chapter 3: Physical-chemical environment of microbes . . 35
Water . . 35
Temperature . . 36
pH . . 39
Salt and osmotic balance . . 40
Oxygen and redox potential . . 41
Light . . 42
Pressure . . 43
The consequences of being small . . 44
Microbial life in natural aquatic habitats . . 46
Microbial life in soils . . 49
The biofilm environment . . 51

Chapter 4: Microbial primary production and phototrophy . . 55
Basics of primary production and photosynthesis . . 55
Primary production, gross production, and net production . . 61
Primary production by terrestrial higher plants and aquatic microbes . . 63
The spring bloom and controls of phytoplankton growth . . 64
Major groups of bloom-forming phytoplankton . . 66
After the bloom: picoplankton and nanoplankton . .71
Primary production by coccoid cyanobacteria . . 73
Photoheterotrophy in the oceans . . 74

Chapter 5: Degradation of organic material . . 79
Mineralization of organic material in various ecosystems . . 80
Who does most of the respiration on the planet? . . 81
Chemical characterization of detrital organic material . . 84
Detrital food webs . . 86
DOM and the microbial loop . . 88
Hydrolysis of high molecular weight organic compounds . . 91
Uptake of low molecular weight organic compounds: turnover versus reservoir size . . 93
Chemical composition and organic material degradation . . 94
Release of inorganic nutrients and its control . . 96
Photo-oxidation of organic material . . 96
Refractory organic matter . . 97

Chapter 6: Microbial growth, biomass production, and controls . . 99
Are bacteria alive or dead? . . 99
Microbial growth and biomass production . . 102
Measuring growth and biomass production in nature . . 104
Bacterial biomass production in aquatic environments . . 105
Growth rates of bacteria and fungi in soils . . 108
What sets biomass production and growth by microbes in nature? . . 109
Competition and chemical communication between organisms . . 115

Chapter 7: Predation and protists . . 117
Bacterivory and herbivory in aquatic habitats . . 118
Grazers of bacteria and fungi in soils and sediments . . 120
Grazing mechanism for protists . . 121
Factors affecting grazing . . 122
Defenses against grazing . . 128
Effect of grazing on prey growth . . 129
Grazing by ciliates and dinoflagellates . . 129
Fluxes from microbial food webs to higher trophic levels . . 132
Mixotrophic protists and endosymbiosis . . 133

Chapter 8: Ecology of viruses . . 137
What are viruses? . . 137
Viral replication . . 138
Temperate viruses in nature . . 139
Contact between host and virus at the molecular scale . . 140
The number of viruses in natural environments . . 141
Mortality of bacteria due to viruses . . 146
Contribution of viruses versus grazers to bacterial mortality . . 147
Viral production and turnover . . 148
Viral decay and loss . . 148
Viruses of phytoplankton . . 149
Viruses are not grazers . . 150
Genetic exchange mediated by viruses . . 152

Chapter 9: Community structure of microbes in natural environments . . 157
Taxonomy and phylogeny via genes . . 157
The species problem . . 159
Diversity of bacterial communities . . 160
The paradox of the plankton . . 162
Differences between cultivated and uncultivated microbes . . 163
Types of bacteria in soils, freshwaters, and the oceans . . 164
Archaea in non-extreme environment . . 166
Everything, everywhere? . . 167
What controls diversity levels and bacterial community structure? . . 168
Problems with 165 rRNA as a taxonomic and phyiogenetic tool . . 171
Community structure of protists and other eukaryotic microbes . . 173
Relevance of community structure to understanding processes . . 175

Chapter 10: Genomes and metagenomes of microbes and viruses . . 177
What are genomics and environmental genomics? . . 177
Turning genomic sequences into genomic information . . 178
Lessons from cultivated microbes . . 179
Genomes from uncultivated microbes: metagenomics . . 185
Metagenomics of a simple community in acid mine drainage . . 188
Useful compounds from metagenomics and activity screening . . 188
Metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics . . 189
Metagenomics of viruses .. 191

Chapter 11: Processes in anoxic environments . . 195
Introduction to anaerobic respiration . . 195
The order of electron acceptors . . 197
Oxidation of organic carbon by various electron acceptors . . 199
The anaerobic food chain . . 201
Sulfate reduction . . 204
Sulfur oxidation and the rest of the sulfur cycle . . 207
Methane and methanogenesis . . 210
Methanotrophy . . 212
Anaerobic eukaryotes . . 214

Chapter 12: The nitrogen cycle . . 217
Nitrogen fixation . . 218
Ammonium assimilation, regeneration, and fluxes . . 221
Ammonia oxidation, nitrate production, and nitrification . . 224
Nitrite oxidation and the second step in nitrification . . 229
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation . . 229
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction and denitrification . . 230
Denitrification versus anaerobic ammonium oxidation . . 232'
Sources and sinks of nitrous oxide . . 233
Balancing N loss and N2 fixation . . 234

Chapter 13: Introduction to geomicrobiology . . 237
Cell surface charge, metal sorption, and microbial attachment . . 237
Attachment of microbes to surfaces . . 241
Biomineralization by microbes . . 241
Manganese and iron-oxidizing bacteria . . 248
Weathering and mineral dissolution by microbes . . 251
Geomicrobiology of fossil fuels . . 253

Chapter 14: Symbiosis and microbes . . 257
Microbial residents of vertebrates . . 259
Microbial symbioses with insects . . 261
Symbiotic microbes in marine invertebrates . . 265
Microbe-plant symbioses . . 271
Concluding remarks . . 275

References . . 277
Index . . 303