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Cambridge University Press

A kinetic view of statistical physics

Obrazy
Autor
Pavel L. Krapivsky, Sidney Redner, Eli Ben-Naim
Ausstellungsort
Cambridge
Ausgabejahr
2010
Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface . . xi
Conventions . . xiv

1 Aperitifs . . 1
1.1 Diffusion . . 1
1.2 Single-species annihilation/coalescence . . 4
1.3 Two-species annihilation . . 9
1.4 Notes . . 10

2 Diffusion . . 12
2.1 The probability distribution . . 12
2.2 Central limit theorem . . 15
2.3 Walks with broad distributions . . 17
2.4 Application to gravity: the Holtsmark distribution . . 22
2.5 First-passage properties . . 26
2.6 Exit probabilities and exit times . . 30
2.7 Reaction rate theory . . 37
2.8 The Langevin approach . . 40
2.9 Application to surface growth . . 44
2.10 Notes . . 51
2.11 Problems . . 51

3 Collisions . . 59
3.1 Kinetic theory . . 51
3.2 The Lorentz gas . . 63
3.3 Lorentz gas in an external field . . 70
3.4 Collisional impact . . 75
3.5 Maxwell molecules and very hard particles . . 77
3.6 Inelastic gases . . 81
3.7 Ballistic agglomeration . . 89
3.8 Single-lane traffic . . 92
3.9 Notes . . 96
3.10 Problems . . 97

4 Exclusion . . 103
4.1 Symmetric exclusion process . . 103
4.2 Asymmetric exclusion process . . 108
4.3 Hydrodynamic approach . . 112
4.4 Microscopic approach . . 118
4.5 Open systems . . 123
4.6 Notes . . 130
4.7 Problems . . 131

5 Aggregation . . 134
5.1 The master equations . . 134
5.2 Exact solution methods . . 137
5.3 Gelation . . 145
5.4 Scaling . . 153
5.5 Aggregation with input . . 156
5.6 Exchange-driven growth . . 163
5.7 Notes . . 167
5.8 Problems . . 168

6 Fragmentation . . 172
6.1 Binary fragmentation . . 172
6.2 Planar fragmentation . . 180
6.3 Reversible polymerization . . 185
6.4 Collisional fragmentation . . 191
6.5 Notes . . 195
6.6 Problems . . 195

7 Adsorption . . 199
7.1 Random sequential adsorption in one dimension . . 199
7.2 Phase space structure . . 206
7.3 Adsorption in higher dimensions . . 213
7.4 Reversible adsorption . . 220
7.5 Polymer translocation . . 226
7.6 Notes . . 229
7.7 Problems . . 230

8 Spin dynamics . . 233
8.1 Phenomenology of coarsening . . 233
8.2 The voter model . . 235
8.3 Ising-Glauber model . . 244
8.4 Mean-field approximation . . 247
8.5 Glauber dynamics in one dimension . . 249
8.6 Glauber dynamics in higher dimensions . . 258
8.7 Spin-excnange dynamics . . 264
8.8 Cluster dynamics . . 269
8.9 Notes . . 273
8.10 Problems . . 274

9 Coarsening . . 277
9.1 Models . . 277
9.2 Free evolution . . 280
9.3 Case studies in non-conservative dynamics . . 283
9.4 Final states . . 292
9.5 Defects . . 294
9.6 Conservative dynamics . . 302
9.7 Extremal dynamics . . 307
9.8 Nucleation and growth . . 312
9.9 Notes . . 317
9.10 Problems . . 318

10 Disorder . . 322
10.1 Disordered spin chain . . 322
10.2 Random walk in a random potential . . 331
10.3 Random walk in random velocity fields . . 339
10.4 Notes . . 343
10.5 Problems . . 343

11 Hysteresis . . 346
11.1 Homogeneous f erromagnets . . 346
11.2 Perturbation analysis . . 349
11.3 Disordered ferromagnets . . 357
11.4 Mean-field model . . 361
11.5 Hysteresis in the random-field Ising chain . . 366
11.6 Notes . . 370
11.7 Problems . . 370

12 Population dynamics . . 373
12.1 Continuum formulation . . 373
12.2 Discrete reactions . . 382
12.3 Small-fluctuatHi expansion . . 391
12.4 Large fluctuations . . 394
12.5 Notes . . 399
12.6 Problems . . 400

13 Diffusive reactions . . 404
13.1 Role of the spatial dimension . . 404
13.2 The trapping reaction . . 409
13.3 Two-species annihilation . . 414
13.4 Single-species reactions in one dimension . . 417
13.5 Reactions in spatial gradients . . 428
13.6 Notes . . 436
13.7 Problems . . 437

14 Complex networks . . 441
14.1 Non-lattice networks . . 441
14.2 Evolving random graphs . . 443
14.3 Random recursive trees . . 451
14.4 Preferential attachment . . 456
14.5 Fluctuations in networks . . 460
14.6 Notes . . 465
14.7 Problems . . 466

References . . 471
Index . . 483

Fred Hoyle : a life in science

Obrazy
Autor
Simon Mitton
Ausstellungsort
Cambridge
Ausgabejahr
2011
Inhaltsverzeichnis

FOREWORD . . vii
PROLOGUE . . 1
1 AN END AND A BEGINNING . . 7
2 TRAINING FOR COSMOLOGY . . 31
3 THE STAR MAKERS . . 60
4 HOYLE'S SECRET WAR . . 81
5 THE NATURE OF THE UNIVERSE . . 108
6 LIVES OF THE STARS . . 142
7 CLASH OF TITANS . . 167
8 ORIGIN OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS . . 197
9 MATTERS OF GRAVITY . . 223
10 MOUNTAINS TO CLIMB . . 255
11 THE WATERSHED . . 277
12 STONES, BONES, BUGS AND ACCIDENTS . . 293

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . 324
NOTES . . 326
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . 345
INDEX . . 354

Clandestine political violence

Obrazy
Autor
Donatella Della Porta
Ausstellungsort
Cambridge
Ausgabejahr
2013
Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acknowledgments . . xi
Acronyms . . xv

1 Political Violence and Social Movements: An Introduction . . 1
2 Escalating Policing . . 32
3 Competitive Escalation . . 70
4 The Activation of Militant Networks . . 113
5 Organizational Compartmentalization . . 146
6 Action Militarization . . 174
7 Ideological Encapsulation . . 204
8 Militant Enclosure . . 235
9 Leaving Clandestinity? Reversing Mechanisms of Engagement . . 263
10 Clandestine Political Violence: Conclusions . . 282

Primary Sources . . 295
Bibliographical References . . 297
Index . . 321

Serie
(Cambridge Studies in Contentious Politics)

Making citizens in Africa : ethnicity, gender and national identity in Ethiopia

Obrazy
Autor
Lahra Smith
Ausstellungsort
Cambridge
Ausgabejahr
2013
Inhaltsverzeichnis

Maps and Tables . . x
Acknowledgments . . xi
Abbreviations . . xv
Glossary . . xvii

Introduction . . 1

THE CHALLENGE: UNEQUAL CITIZENSHIP
1 Comparative Perspectives on Citizen Creation in Africa . . 19
2 The Historical Context for Modern Ethiopian Citizenship . . 44

THE RESPONSE: THE STATE AND ITS CITIZENS
3 Popular Responses to Unequal Citizenship . . 91
4 A Referendum on Ethnic Identity and the Claims of Citizenship . . 120
5 No Going Back on Self-Determination for the Oromo . . 139
6 Ethiopian Women and Citizenship Rights Deferred Conclusion . . 192

Appendix I Methodology . . 205
Appendix II Questionnaire for Parents and Community Members (English) . . 210
Appendix III Questionnaire for School Directors . . 214
Appendix IV Questionnaire for Teachers . . 217
Bibliography . . 221
Index . . 243

Serie
(African Studies ; 125)

Drawn from the ground : sound, sign and inscription in Central Australian Sand stories

Obrazy
Autor
Jennifer Green
Ausstellungsort
Cambridge
Ausgabejahr
2014
Inhaltsverzeichnis

List of illustrations . . ix
List of tables . . xv
Acknowledgements . . xvi

1 Introduction . . 1
1.1 The Arandic language region . . 4
1.2 A multimodal approach to communication . . 6
1.3 Sign and gesture in sand stories . . 12
1.4 Tracks and traces: iconicity in sign, sand and gesture . . 16
1.5 Space and frames of reference . . 19
1.6 A multimodal perspective on gradient phenomena . . 28
1.7 Relationships between gesture and speech . . 30
1.8 Outline of the remainder of the book . . 32

2 Sand stories as social and cultural practice . . 35
2.1 Previous documentations of sand stories . . 35
2.2 Lexical semantics of the terra tyepety . . 41
2.3 Dreamtime, Dreaming and the meanings of Altyerr . . 43
2.4 Sand story styles . . 44
2.5 Techniques and tools . . 53
2.6 Mapping, diagramming and games in Central Australia . . 59
2.7 Sand stories and awely ceremonies . . 64
2.8 The end of the story . . 66
2.9 Concluding comment . . 68

3 Catching a move as it flies: multimodal data collection and annotation . . 71
3.1 Recording naturalistic data in challenging conditions . . 72
3.2 Coding and transcription . . 74
3.3 The 'sand quiz': testing the meaning of V-units . . 88
3.4 Representing multimodal events as transcript . . 93
3.5 Concluding comment . . 98

4 Lines in the sand . . 100
4.1 Conventionalized ground-ground type V-units . . 101
4.2 Visible paths in sand . . 115
4.3 Combinations of static and dynamic elements . . 119
4.4 Motion and multimodality . . 121
4.5 The interprefcon of motion in space . . 128
4.6 Innovation and change . . 131
4.7 Concluding comment . . 135

5 Body-anchored and airborne action . . 137
5.1 Previous work on Aboriginal sign languages and gesture in Australia . . 137
5.2 Handsigns in sand stories . . 145
5.3 Pointing in sand stories . . 152
5.4 A tunnel ball game in sand . .  157
5.5 Concluding comment . . 163

6 Ordering, redrawing and erasure . . 166
6.1 V-units and the order of narrative events . . 166
6.2 Erasing the story space . . 176
6.3 The role of deictic units in transitions between frames . . 191

7 Vocal style in sand stories . . 195
7.1 'Talking song' and 'singing story' . . 196
7.2 Some features of Arandic songs . . 198
7.3 Doodlebugs and bogeymen: repeated text and borrowed words in a sand story . . 203
7.4 A 'sung' sand story . . 209
7.5 Concluding comment . . 219

8 Crossing boundaries . . 222
8.1 Multimodality, forms and functions in sand stories . . 223
8.2 Alternative representations in sand, sign and gesture . . 224
8.3 Convention or continuously varying forms? . . 227
8.4 Coordination across modalities . . 230
8.5 Verbal art, visual art . . 231
8.6 Inscriptive practices: beyond Central Australia . . 235
8.7 Concluding comment . . 240

Appendix 1: Abbreviations, glossing and orthographic conventions . . 244
Appendix 2: Summary of six stories annotated in detail . . 247
Bibliography . . 248
Index . . 265

Serie
(Language, Culture and Cognition ; 13)

Tested by Zion : the Bush administration and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Obrazy
Autor
Elliott Abrams
Ausstellungsort
New York
Ausgabejahr
2013
Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acknowledgments . . xi

Introduction . . 1
1 Early Days . . 4
2 9/11 and the Search for a Policy . . 19
3 Roadmap to Disengagement . . 48
4 "New Realities on the Ground" . . 98
5 Arafat, Disengagement, Sharon . . 119
6 Olmert - Peace or War? . . 158
7 War in Lebanon - and Condi . . 179
8 From Mecca to Annapolis . . 212
9 The "Meeting" at Annapolis . . 244
10 Two Trips to Jerusalem . . 262
11 Final Days in Gaza and Turtle Bay . . 282
12 Lessons Learned . . 304
13 Conclusion . . 314

Index . . 321

Rights come to mind : brain injury, ethics, and the struggle for consciousness

Obrazy
Autor
Joseph J. Fins
Ausstellungsort
New York
Ausgabejahr
2015
Inhaltsverzeichnis

Acknowledgments . . XI
Introduction . . 1

1 Decisions . . 12
2 The Injury . . 16
3 Coming to Terms with Brain Injury . . 26
4 The Origins of the Vegetative State . . 35
5 A Shift since Quinlan . . 42
6 Maggie's Wishes . . 49
7 Something Happened in Arkansas . . 59
8 From PVS to MCS . . 69
9 Leaving the Hospital . . 83
10 Heather's Story . . 97
11 Neuroimaging and Neuroscience in the Public Mind . . 111
12 Contractures and Contradictions: Medical Necessity and the Injured Brain . . 134
13 Minds, Monuments, and Moments . . 165
14 Heads and Hearts, Toil and Tears . . 179
15 What Do Families Want? . . 196
16 Deep Brain Stimulation in MCS . . 204
17 Mending Our Brains, Minding Our Ethics . . 216
18 It's Still Freedom . . 227
19 Maggie Is in Town . . 248
20 When Consciousness Becomes Prosthetic . . 272
21 The Rights of Mind . . 286
22 A Call for Advocacy . . 309

Epilogue . . 313
Notes . . 321
In Memoriam . . 355
Index . . 357