Acknowledgments . . ix 
Introduction: Exile Knows No Dignity . . 1 

1. The Avenue of Sergeant Malamine . . 25 
2. Enterprising Strangers . . 58 
3. Among the Unbelievers . . 92 
4. The Strangers Code . . 116 
5. Transnational Kinship . . 149 
6. Children of Exile . . 180 
Conclusion: The Anchoring of Identities . . 203 
Epilogue: Displaced Dreams . . 221 
Appendix 1. Notes on Methods . . 225 
Appendix 2. Survey Results . . 229 

Notes . . 235 
Bibliography . . 247 
Index . . 269