Acknowledgements . . ix
Summary of the thesis . . x

Paper 1: Social Capital vs Institutions in the Growth Process 
1 Introduction . . 1
2 The model . . 2
3 Empirical evidence . . 6
4 Concluding remarks . . 13
Acknowledgements . . 13
References . . 13

Paper 2: The Roots of Ethnic Diversity 
1 Introduction . . 1
2 Literature overview . . 5
3 An evolutionary model of ethnic fractionalization . . 12
4 Data and empirical strategy . . 20
5 Empirical analysis . . 24
6 Concluding remarks . . 34
References . . 36
Data Appendix . . 40
Figures . . 43

Paper 3: The Causal Effects nf Ethnic Diversity: : An Instmmental Variables Approach 
1 Introduction . . 1
2 Data . . 4
3 Results . . 7
4 Conclusions . . 14
References . . 16
Appendix . . 18

Paper 4: Nationalism and Government Effectiveness 
1 Introduction . . 1
2 Nationalism, nation-building, and ethnic diversity . . 4
3 A cross-country study . . 12
4 Results . . 15
5 Concluding remarks . . 30
References . . 32
Appendix A Sample and variable description . . 34
Appendix B. Constructing the constructed trade share . . 38

Paper 5: Earthquakes and Civil War 
1 Introduction . . 1
2 Natural disasters . . 5
3 Conflict . .7
4 Theoretical framework . . 11
5 Empirical strategy and data . . 18
6 Results . . 23
7 Concluding remarks . . 36
References . . 37
Appendix A . . 40
Appendix B . . 42
Appendix C . . 45