List of illustrations . . xi
Preface . . xiii
Acknowledgements . . xv
List of abbreviations . . xvi
Notes on conventions . . xviii

Introduction: international law, Japanese domestic politics and ocean diplomacy . . 1
1 Mare liberum and the pre-war origins of food security in Japan . . 20
2 Ocean regimes and food system planning under SCAP occupation . . 31
3 Negotiating a regional fisheries system in the North Pacific . . 46
4 The worldwide enclosure movement and restrictive regime claims on fisheries . . 67
5 The precautionary principle, EEZs and fisheries enforcement in the Pacific . . 83
6 Comprehensive security as national policy and Japan's new fisheries strategy . . 99
7 Comprehensive security in action: international diplomacy and negotiations . . 113
8 Epistemic norm formation and Japanese whaling policy . . 132
9 Food security and self-sufficiency today . . 160
Conclusion . . 172

Appendix 1: The international fisheries of Japan: profiles of industry and policy makers . . 186
Index . . 210