Foreword . . ix
Preface . . xi 
Introduction . . 1 

I The Contemporary Collaboratory Vision . . 13 
1 E-Science, Cyberinfrastructure, and Scholarly Communication . . 15 
2 Cyberscience: The Age of Digitized Collaboration? . . 33 

II Perspectives on Distributed, Collaborative Science . . 51 
3 From Shared Databases to Communities of Practice: A Taxonomy of Collaboratories . . 53 
4 A Theory of Remote Scientific Collaboration . . 73 
5 Collaborative Research across Disciplinary and Organizational Boundaries . . 99 

Ill Physical Sciences . . 119 
6 A National User Facility That Fits on Your Desk: The Evolution of Collaboratories at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory . . 121 
7 The National Virtual Observatory . . 135 
8 High-Energy Physics: The Large Hadron Collider Collaborations . . 143 
9 The Upper Atmospheric Research Collaborator/ and the Space Physics and Aeronomy Research Collaboratory . . 153 
10 Evaluation of a Scientific Collaboratory System: Investigating Utility before Deployment . . 171 

IV Biological and Health Sciences . . 195 
11 The National Institute of General Medical Sciences Glue Grant Program . . 197 
12 The Biomedical Informatics Research Network . . 221 
13 Three Distributed Biomedical Research Centers . . 233 
14 Motivation to Contribute to Collaboratories: A Public Goods Approach . . 251 

V Earth and Environmental Sciences . . 275 
15 Ecology Transformed: The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis and the Changing Patterns of Ecoloairal Research . . 277 
16 The Evolution of Collaboration in Ecology: Lessons from the U.S. Long-Term Ecological Research Program . . 297 
17 Organizing for Multidisciplinary Collaboration: The Case of the Geosciences Network . . 311 
18 NEESgrid: Lessons Learned for Future Cyberinfrastructure Development . . 331 

VI The Developing World . . 349
19 International AIDS Research Collaboratories: The HIV Pathogenesis Program . . 351 
20 How Collaboratories Affect Scientists from Developing Countries . . 365 

Conclusion
Final Thoughts: Is There a Science of Collaboratories? . . 377 
Contributors . . 395 
Index . . 399