List of Figures and Tables . . vii 
Preface . . ix 
Acknowledgments . . xi 
Introduction . . xiii 

PART ONE | BACKGROUND 
1. From Conception to Commercial Success . . 3 
2. A Limitation on the Patent Right to Exclude: An Introduction to International Exhaustion . . 35 

PART TWO | THE CURRENT FRAMEWORK 
3. An Introduction to TRIPS . . 55 
4. Freedom under TRIPS: India as an Example . . 89 
5. Compulsory Licensing under TRIPS: An Introduction . . 125 
6. Compulsory License Case Study: An Introduction to Competing Patent Perspectives . . 157 
7. Complicated Compulsory Licenses: The Waiver/Article 31 bis "Solution" . . 195

PART THREE | THE EVOLVING FRAMEWORK 
8. An Overview of "TRIPS-Plus" Standards . . 223 
9. Beyond Patents: Protecting Drugs through Regulatory Laws . . 253 
10. Suspensions of In-Transit "Generic Drugs": A Case Study of Competing Perspectives . . 285 
11. A History of Access to Medicine through the Lens of Patent Perspectives . . 325 
12. Looking Toward the Future . . 355 

APPENDICES 
Appendix A: Selected TRIPS Provisions . . 375 
Appendix B: Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health . . 382 
Appendix C: Draft Ministerial Declaration (Developed Countries) . . 384 
Appendix D: Draft Ministerial Declaration (Developing Countries) . . 386 
Appendix E: Glossary of Terms . . 390

INDEX . . 399