Preface . . 7 
Foreword . . 9 

Independent Lithuania in 1918 to 1940 . . 11

The Soviet Occupation of Lithuania . . 31 
 We have Vilnius, and Russia has us . . 31 
 Occupation and Annexation . . 34 
 The Sovietisation of Lithuania . . 39 
 The Impoverishment of the People . . 45 
 Soviet Terror and National Resistance . . 48 

One Occupier Flees, Another Invades. 1941-1944 . .55 
 The June Uprising . . 55 
 The Nazi Occupation Regime . . 57 
 Economic and Education Policy . . 59 
 Mass Killings of Civilian Population. The Holocaust . . 62 
 Anti-Nazi Resistance . . 69 

1944-1953- Lithuania on the Brink of Extinction . . 74 
 Re-Occupation . . 74 
 Social and Economic Policy and Living Conditions . . 82 
 Anti-Soviet Partisan War in 1944-1954 . . 91 
 Unarmed Resistance . . 107 
 
Repression . . 112 
 Imprisonment . . 112
 Deportation of Civilian Population . . 117 
 Demographic Losses . . 125 
 Cultural Oppression . . 126 
 Restriction of Religious Freedom and Attack on the Catholic Church . . 132 

Chronology of Major Events . . 139 
List of Abbreviations . . 144 
List of References . . 145 
List of Photographs-References . . 147