Preface . . ix
Editor's Preface to Instructors . . xi
Editor's Preface to Students . . xv
Chronology of Events . . xix
Glossary . . xxi
Reference Map: Poland, 1939-1945, with Locations of 
Concentration and Extermination Camps . . xxiii
Tables: Estimated Jewish and Gypsy Deaths in the Holocaust . . xxiv 

Introduction . . 1 

I Origins of the Holocaust  . . 9
Anti-Semitism Through the Ages . . 12
Hitler's Decisive Role . . 23
The Opening Act of Nazi Genocide . . 38 

II The Motivations of the Killers . . 57 
The Nazi Doctors . . 60
Hitler's Army . . 76
"Ordinary Men" . . 84 

III The Victims' Experiences . . 101
Helpless Victims . . 104
The Will to Survive . . 109
The Gray Zone . . 115
Women and the Holocaust . . 128

IV The Problem of Jewish Resistance . . 141 
Two Thousand Years of Jewish Appeasement . . 144 
Forms of Jewish Resistance . . 150
Why the Jewish Councils Cooperated . . 165 

V Bystander Reactions . . 177
The Poles Helped Persecute the Jews . . 180
The Poles Were Fellow Victims . . 192
Western Europeans and the Jews  . 206
Righteous Gentiles . . 217

VI Possibilities of Rescue . . 225 
The Myth of Rescue . . 228
The Silence of Pope Pius XII . . 240 
The Failure to Comprehend . . 252

Suggestions for Additional Reading . . 267