List of Illustrations . . ix
Acknowledgements . . xv
Colour Plates . . xvii
Introduction . . xxxiii

PART ONE: THE HERITAGE AND SOURCES 
Chapter One. Medieval Sources of Renaissance Animal Symbolism . . 3
Chapter Two. Renaissance Naturalists and Animal Symbolism: Fact and Fantasy . . 23
Chapter Three. Emblematic Literature and Related Sources . . 35 

PART TWO: CASE STUDIES 
Chapter Four. The Birds and Animals of Carpaccio's Miles Christianus . . 53
Chapter Five. The Enigma of Carpaccio's Venetian Ladies . . 95
Chapter Six. Animals in the Paintings of Titian: A Key to Hidden Meanings . . 135
Chanter Seven. Titian's London Allegory and the Three Beasts of his Selva Oscura . . 165
Chapter Eight. Animal Heads and Hybrid Creatures: The Case of the San Lorenzo Lavabo and its Sources . . 195
Chapter Nine. Andrea del Sarto's Madonna of the Harpies and the Human-Animal Hybrid in the Renaissance . . 241
Chapter Ten. The Ambivalent Scorpio in Bronzino's London Allegory . . 263

Epilogue . . 291
Select Bibliography . . 297
Index . . 305