1 Space Activities: A Peculiar Economical, Political. and Industrial Sector . . 1
1.1. Brief History of the First Space Age . . 2
1.2. Brief History of the Space Activities in Europe . . 8
1.3. Brief History of the Space Activities in the Rest of the World . . 10
1.4. The "Governance" of the Activities in Space . . 11
1.5. Definition and Segmentation of the "Space Market" in the World . . 46
2 Space Program Management . . 59
2.1. Characteristics of Space Programs . . 60
2.2. Methods of Defining and Managing Space Programs . . 65
2.3. Implementing Space Programs . . 66
2.4. Start-Up of a Space Program . . 74
2.5. Development Phases of a Space Program . . 83
3 Marketing of Space Programs . . 97
3.1. Notion of Marketing . . 97
3.2. Function of Marketing in a Space Program . . 98
3.3. Marketing of Programs and Services . . 99
3.4. Offer in the Marketing of a Space Program . . 101
3.5. The Space Program Contract . . 110
4 Methods and Tools of Space Programs Management . . 117
4.1. Organization of the Program Team . . 118
4.2. Management of Performance and Margins . . 122
4.3. Configuration Management . . 130
4.4. Assembly, Integration, and Test Management . . 139
4.5. Planning and Schedule Management . . 150
5 Risk Management of Space Programs . . 157
5.1. The Concept of Risk . . 158
5.2. Technical "Reliability and Security" of Space Systems . . 162
5.3. Financial "Reliability and Security" of Space Systems . . 165
6 Cost Management in Space Programs . . 171
6.1. Basic Elements for Economic Evaluations of Space Programs . . 171 
6.2. Definitions and Criteria . . 173
6.3. The Business Plan . . 184
6.4. Example of Cost Analysis for a Space Launcher . . 195
6.5. Example of Cost Analysis fora Satellite . . 210
6.6. Criteria tor Reducing Costs . . 216
References for Chapter 6 . . 219
7 Financial Management of Space Programs . . 221
7.1. Forms of Financing for Space Programs . . 221
7.2 Private Financing . . 222
7.3. "Project Financing" for Space Programs . . 223
8 Management of Small, Low-Cost Space Programs: A New Paradigm . . 247
8.1 Small Space in Perspective . . 247
8.2. Theory and Practice . . 248
8.3 Scaling Management . . 248
8.4. When Complexity Exceeds the Small Team Capability . . 252
8.5. Staffing the Small Space Project . . 252
8.6. How Small Teams Function to Reduce Cost . . 254
8.7. The Integrated Team . . 257
8.8. Parts Selection . . 259
8.9. Testing . . 260
8.10. Integration . . 263
8.11. Elements of the Small Program Plan . . 263
8.12. Case Studies . . 267
8.13. The Requirements Trap . . 275
9 Examples of Management Applied to Different Space Programs . . 277
9.1. Large Civil Governmental Satellite Program: The NASA Advanced Communication 
     Satellite Program Advanced Communications Technology Satellite . . 277
9.2 Multiple Satellite Production Programs: Risk and Organizing 
    Principles in the OrbComm Experience . . 297
9.3. Management of Medium-Sized US Space Programs for DoD . . 315

Acronyms . . 331
Authors' Short Biographies . . 337
Bibliography . . 339
Websites . . 341
Index . . 343